Animal science is described as “studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind”. It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals.[1] Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and horses. Today, courses available look at a broader area, including companion animals, like dogs and cats, and many exotic species. Degrees in Animal Science are offered at a number of colleges and universities. Animal science degrees are often offered at land-grant universities,[2] which will often have on-campus farms to give students hands-on experience with livestock animals.
Professional education in animal science prepares students for careers in areas such as animal breeding, food and fiber production, nutrition, animal agribusiness, animal behavior, and welfare. Courses in a typical Animal Science program may include genetics, microbiology, animal behavior, nutrition, physiology, and reproduction. Courses in support areas, such as genetics, soils, agricultural economics and marketing, legal aspects, and the environment also are offered.
At many universities, a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Animal Science allows emphasis in certain areas. Typical areas are species-specific or career-specific. Species-specific areas of emphasis prepare students for a career in dairy management, beef management, swine management, sheep or small ruminant management, poultry production, or the horse industry. Other career-specific areas of study include pre-veterinary medicine studies, livestock business and marketing, animal welfare and behavior, animal nutrition science, animal reproduction science, or genetics. Youth programs are also an important part of animal science programs.
The department of Animal Science has several key objectives. Firstly, it seeks to develop new breeds of livestock that are well-suited to tropical climates, resistant to diseases, and exhibit high growth rates. This helps to optimize livestock production in regions with such climates, by ensuring that the animals are better adapted and less susceptible to ailments.
Secondly, the department is committed to conserving the gene bank of animal genetic biodiversity. This involves implementing both in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods. In-situ conservation refers to the preservation of animals within their natural habitats, while ex-situ conservation involves maintaining specimens in controlled environments such as zoos or specialized breeding programs. By conserving animal genetic diversity, the department aims to protect valuable genetic traits that may be beneficial for future breeding programs or research.
Furthermore, the department is actively researching the utilization of non-conventional feed resources in animal feeding. This includes exploring strategies for sourcing, processing, and preserving such feed resources. By investigating alternative feed sources, the department aims to reduce reliance on traditional feed ingredients and contribute to more sustainable and cost-effective animal production systems.
Lastly, the department focuses on improving feed and feeding management practices to maximize animal growth and overall benefits. This involves studying various aspects of animal nutrition, such as formulating balanced diets, optimizing feeding schedules, and enhancing feed quality. By enhancing feed and feeding management techniques, the department aims to enhance animal health, growth, and productivity.
Overall, the department of Animal Science is dedicated to advancing knowledge and practices related to livestock breeding, genetic conservation, feed resources, and feeding management. These efforts contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient animal production systems, which are crucial for meeting the demands of the agricultural sector and ensuring food security in tropical regions.